临床表现 临床表现
Paula Aduen1, John A Lucas1, Christian Lachner1
1Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
概括
蒙特利尔认知评估 (MoCA) 等认知查工具可能错误地对美国黑人 (BA) 和西班牙裔/拉丁裔 (H/L) 成年人的认知障碍进行分类. 社会人口统计学因素显著影响表现,需要在不同的人口中仔细解释.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 认知查工具旨在可靠地检测认知障碍.
- 黑人美国人 (BA) 和西班牙裔/拉丁裔 (H/L) 成年人通常在这些工具上得分较低,这是由于人口统计学和健康的社会决定因素 (SSDoH).
- 这项研究检查了蒙特利尔认知评估 (MoCA) 在多样化,认知正常的成年人中的表现,以了解错误分类因素.
研究的目的:
- 在种族多样化,认知正常的成年人中描述MoCA的表现.
- 确定社会人口统计学和生物学因素,有助于潜在的认知障碍错误分类.
- 评估BA和H/L子组调整的MoCA截止值的影响.
主要方法:
- 105名认知正常的BA和H/L参与者接受了神经评估,神经心理测试和神经成像 (MRI,粉样蛋白和tau-PET).
- 应用了经人口统计调整的MoCA截止值:BA ≤22,H/L ≤24.
- 层次逻辑回归分析了低MoCA分数的预测因素,包括年龄,教育,区域剥夺指数 (ADI) 和粉样蛋白负担.
主要成果:
- 40%的H/L和17%的BA参与者得分低于人口调整后的MoCA截止值.
- 对于H/L,年龄,教育,ADI和粉样蛋白负担,最好的预测是低MoCA分数 (R2=0.43).
- 对于BA,年龄,教育和ADI是主要预测因素 (R2=0.47),教育接近意义.
结论:
- 社会人口统计学因素继续影响认知正常个体的MoCA表现,即使调整了切断值.
- 这些因素对BA/AA和WH/L参与者产生不同影响.
- 临床和研究环境必须仔细考虑这些因素,以避免在不同人群中过度诊断认知障碍.
相关概念视频
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
520
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
520
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations
299
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
299
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis
364
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
364
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations
436
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
436
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management
652
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
652
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
437
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
437


