临床表现 临床表现
Megan S Barker1, Alyssa N De Vito2,3, Zachary J Kunicki4
1Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 26, 2025
概括
神经精神症状 (NPS) 在阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (AD/ADRD) 中比在没有痴呆症的老年人中更常见. 这项研究使用了DSM-5研究版本 (SCID-5-RV) 的结构化临床访谈来确定症状表现的关键差异.
科学领域:
- 老年精神病学是一门精神病学专业.
- 神经退行性疾病 神经退行性疾病
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 神经精神症状 (NPS) 显著影响阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (AD/ADRD) 的结果.
- 在AD/ADRD中缺乏对精神病症状的全面评估.
- 将病态衰老与正常衰老区分开来,需要对症状进行比较.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较患有AD/ADRD的个体中的精神症状频率与认知不受损的老年人.
- 使用DSM-5研究版本 (SCID-5-RV) 的结构化临床访谈进行详细的症状分析.
- 为了确定与AD/ADRD相关的特定精神病学现象.
主要方法:
- 在237名参与者中使用了SCID-5-RV的项目级数据 (188名患有AD/ADRD,49名对照).
- 在AD/ADRD和对照组之间,症状认可的比较流行率.
- 采用皮尔森的奇平方测试或费舍尔的精确测试进行统计比较.
主要成果:
- 阿尔茨海默症/阿尔茨海默症组报告了更多的睡眠障碍 (疲劳,过度的嗜睡,小睡) 和与抑郁症相关的症状 (抑郁情绪,无情感,内).
- 在AD/ADRD组中观察到更高的自杀倾向率 (10% vs 0%) 和精神运动激动/口头攻击.
- 虽然AD/ADRD表现出更普遍的焦虑,但对照组有更多的恐慌/恐惧症症状;AD/ADRD也报告了更多的认知困难.
结论:
- 在AD/ADRD患者和认知能力不受损的老年人之间,报告的精神症状存在显著差异.
- 这些发现支持在神经退行性人群中开发针对神经精神病学构造的有针对性的措施.
- 确定了可能区分病态衰老与正常衰老过程的特定症状.
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