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相关概念视频

Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
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In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation01:10

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In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...
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Drug Regulation01:25

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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
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药物开发 药物开发

Mohammed U Al-Youzbaki1, Salonee V Patel1, Ashley L Schormans1

  • 1Western University, London, ON, Canada.

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|December 26, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

决策建模在临床前的老鼠模型中揭示了早期阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 变化. 这种方法确定了标准测试中未见的基因型和性别特异性认知变化,有助于发现生物标志物.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
  • 疾病的动物模型.

背景情况:

  • 临床研究表明,数学决策模型对于识别痴呆症行为生物标志物的有用性.
  • 临床前研究对于了解阿尔茨海默氏症 (AD) 等早期神经退行性疾病至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 整合决策建模到AD的prodromal老鼠模型的行为分析.
  • 为了发现基因型和性别特异性的行为影响,这些行为影响在标准的绩效评估中并不明显.

主要方法:

  • 雄性和雌性野生型和转基因的菲舍尔344大鼠 (TgAPP) 执行了视觉歧视任务.
  • 用ExGauss函数分析反应时间,以评估可变性.
  • 使用漂移扩散模型 (DDM) 建模决策过程,以量化证据积累,决策门和非决策时间.

主要成果:

  • 与野生类型相比,转基因APP (TgAPP) 鼠表现出较低的准确性和较慢的反应时间,雌性表现出更大的时间变化.
  • DDM分析显示,TgAPP大鼠的雄性和雌性证据积累速度较慢.
  • 雌性TgAPP大鼠表现出更高的决策值和更长的非决策时间,这表明反应谨慎度提高和处理改变.

结论:

  • 漂移扩散建模有效地识别了prodromal AD大鼠模型中的认知功能变化,超过了标准指标.
  • 将计算建模与其他生物标志物的结合可以改善对早期AD和临床前研究翻译的理解.