生物标志物 生物标志物
Sophie A Martin1, Francesca Biondo1,2, Amelia Jewell3
1UCL Hawkes Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 26, 2025
概括
在研究数据上训练的人工智能模型可以预测现实世界NHS患者的痴呆症进展. 这些人工智能模型证明了早期痴呆风险评估的临床实用性.
科学领域:
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 痴呆症研究 痴呆症研究
背景情况:
- 人工智能模型用于痴呆症预测通常使用精心策划的研究数据集,限制现实世界的概括性.
- 在评估人工智能痴呆症预测模型在多样化,现实世界的临床数据上的表现方面存在差距.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用现实世界英国国家卫生服务 (NHS) 数据,评估在大型研究数据集上训练的AI模型对痴呆症预测的概括性.
- 评估人工智能驱动的磁共振成像 (MRI) 分析在预测痴呆症诊断时间方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 分析了SLaM NHS信托机构1140名患者的3D T1加权MRI扫描和电子健康记录.
- 在国家阿尔茨海默氏症协调中心 (NACC) 和阿尔茨海默氏症神经成像倡议 (ADNI) 数据集上训练的AI模型 (3D ResNet) 应用于SLaM队列.
- 阿尔茨海默病痴呆症 (p_AD) 的概率与临床共变量 (年龄,性别,MMSE) 结合使用考克斯比例危险回归来估计诊断的时间.
主要成果:
- 人工智能模型在SLaM队列中实现了65.3%-68.6%的分类准确率.
- 该p_AD指标显著预测了诊断的时间,危险比率从3.58到4.67不等 (p<0.0017).
- 在p_AD中增加0.1与在8年内患痴呆症的风险增加13.6%-16.7%相关.
结论:
- 在大型研究数据集上训练的AI模型在预测现实世界NHS患者群体中痴呆症进展方面表现出有效性.
- 该研究强调了人工智能模型在不同临床环境中用于痴呆风险预测的临床实用性和通用性.
- 人工智能驱动的神经成像数据的分析显示,改善痴呆症的早期检测和管理具有前途.
相关概念视频
01:20Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers
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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
749
01:19Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
516