了解女性在不同生命阶段的药理动力学变异性
Ilaria Campesi1,2, Giampiero Capobianco3,4, Giuseppe Virdis3,4
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
|December 27, 2025
概括
成年女性在不同生命阶段的药物动力学变化对于有效的药物剂量至关重要. 了解这些差异可以确保最佳的药物治疗,并减少临床研究中女性的健康差异.
科学领域:
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 临床药房 临床药房
- 医学中的性别和性别.
背景情况:
- 从历史上看,成年女性被排除在临床试验之外,导致药理动力学知识缺口.
- 这种排除导致了低于最佳的药物治疗和对不同女性群体的护理.
- 解决女性的吸收,分发,新陈代谢和排泄 (ADME) 问题对于安全有效的药物使用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查成年女性在不同生命阶段的药理动力学变异性.
- 要突出年龄,月经周期,怀孕,哺乳期和其他因素对药物处置的影响.
- 提供治疗药物的药理动力学和建模方法中性别差异的例子.
主要方法:
- 文献综述总结了成年女性的药理动力学数据.
- 对影响药物吸收,分布,新陈代谢和排泄的因素的分析.
- 包括基于蛋白质的治疗方法和基于生理学的药物动力学建模的例子.
主要成果:
- 由于年龄,荷尔蒙变化和生活方式等因素,女性存在显著的药理动力学变化.
- 怀孕,哺乳期和口服避孕药的使用显著改变药物的药理动力学.
- 药理动力学的性别差异是显而易见的,需要针对治疗方法的量身定制方法.
结论:
- 迫切需要进行临床试验,包括各种各样的成年女性,跨生命阶段和生活方式.
- 未来的研究应该专注于减少与年龄,生命阶段和性别有关的药物治疗差异.
- 在药理动力学和性/性别医学方面的专家领导的研究对于推进患者护理至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:24Dosage Regimen: Individualization
146
Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
146
01:00Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution
200
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
200
01:17Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution
231
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
231
01:18Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism
176
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
176
01:27Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
172
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
172
01:24Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism
165
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
165