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一个评估森林息地连接性损失和优化再造林工作的框架,以水电项目为例
Federica Fonda1, Maria Petrillo2, Giovanni Bacaro3
1Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. federica.fonda@gmail.com.
Environmental management
|December 27, 2025
概括
像水力发电这样的可再生能源项目导致息地丧失. 本研究引入了一个框架,将森林连接纳入环境影响评估 (EIA) 中,并指导为生物多样性保护重新造林.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 环境规划 环境规划
背景情况:
- 可再生能源的发展,特别是水电,经常导致陆地息地丧失和碎片化,影响生物多样性.
- 当前的环境影响评估 (EIA) 经常低估或忽视息地碎片化对生物多样性的影响.
- 森林息地连接对于维持生物多样性和生态系统功能至关重要,但未被一致地纳入规划.
研究的目的:
- 提出和应用一个新的框架,将森林息地连接性纳入环境影响评估和环境规划.
- 评估水电项目对森林息地连接在景观规模的影响.
- 开发一个空间优先级的方法来恢复森林,以恢复野生动物的连接.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个框架,比较建筑前和建筑后的森林息地连接.
- 使用连接的综合指数 (IIC) 进行了空间分析,以优先考虑再造林地点.
- 评估了野生动物物种在多个分散距离 (500米,1公里,2公里) 的连接性.
主要成果:
- 尼泊尔一项拟议的水力发电项目导致了在项目足迹 (长达15公里) 内的和超越的森林息地连接的重大损失.
- 确定了94.1平方公里的受该项目影响的森林砍伐地区.
- 在景观和河岸层面优先考虑的复林地点,分别为15%和36%,在分散距离上被确定为首要优先级.
结论:
- 在环境影响评估和环境规划中明确纳入息地连接,对于有效的生物多样性保护至关重要.
- 基于连接的优先级提供了一种可靠的方法来指导植林补偿.
- 这种方法可以帮助平衡能源发展需求与保护生物多样性的必要性.
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