一种新的计算分析,将来自EHR和文献的社会决定因素信息与阿尔茨海默病的生物学知识通过大型语言模型和知识图集在一起
Tianqi Shang1, Shu Yang1, Tianhua Zhai1
1Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
Innovation in aging
|December 29, 2025
概括
这项研究将健康的社会决定因素 (SDoH) 整合到知识图表中,以预测阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 风险. 研究结果揭示了潜在的SDoH基因相互作用,推进了个性化的AD护理.
科学领域:
- 生物医学信息学 生物医学信息学
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 构成了日益严重的全球健康挑战,预计到2050年将影响超过1亿人.
- 健康的社会决定因素 (SDoH) 显著影响AD风险,但它们的确切影响和生物机制仍未得到充分探索.
- 目前对SDoH在AD病变发生中的作用的理解是有限的,需要先进的分析方法.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个新的框架,将SDoH数据与AD研究的生物信息整合在一起.
- 利用知识图 (KG) 和深度学习来从多种数据源中提取和分析与SDoH相关的知识.
- 为了确定SDoH和阿尔茨海默病的遗传因素之间的潜在相互作用.
主要方法:
- 构建一个全面的SDoH知识图,包括科学文献和电子健康记录 (EHR) 的数据.
- 应用图形深度学习技术,特别是KG链接预测,以识别新的关联.
- 使用多式生物数据验证预测的SDoH基因相互作用,包括单细胞RNA测序 (scRNA-seq) 和蛋白质组学.
主要成果:
- 成功生成了一个SDoH知识图,包括大约92,000个三胞胎.
- 在结合SDoH数据时,KG-link预测模型的准确性得到了提高.
- 探索性分析确定了许多潜在的SDoH基因相互作用,通过蛋白质组学和RNA-seq数据的差异表达分析进行了显著的验证.
结论:
- 这种基于KG的方法通过整合SDoH和生物数据,提高了AD相关生物医学网络的预测准确性.
- 这项研究揭示了AD中涉及的社会决定因素和生物学途径之间的显著潜在相互作用.
- 这些发现为开发更多个性化和社会化医疗保健策略为AD预防和管理提供了基础.
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