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从牛奶到固体:关于固体料对小牛福利和腹腔病变的影响的综述和元回归分析
Giulio Cozzi1, Luisa Magrin1, Caterina Marcon1
1Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
Frontiers in veterinary science
|December 29, 2025
概括
将固体料 (SF) 引入小牛犊,改善了福利,但增加了腹部损伤. 高粉SF对小牛的胃肠道健康产生负面影响,需要修订养策略,以提高小牛的生产.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 营养生理学 营养生理学
背景情况:
- 传统的小牛食完全依赖于液体牛奶或牛奶替代品.
- 欧盟法规要求限制固体料 (SF) 的使用,以改善小牛的福利.
- 在小牛的营养中使用SF的演变需要评估其对腹部健康的影响.
研究的目的:
- 审查SF在小牛食中的历史使用情况.
- 使用元回归来量化SF摄入量和腹腔病变之间的关系.
- 确定与腹腔损伤相关的SF中的关键营养成分.
主要方法:
- 对13项研究 (2000-2024) 的数据进行了回归元分析.
- 该分析将每日SF干物质摄入量与腹腔损伤患病率相关联.
- 统计分析发现了粉和中性清洁剂纤维 (NDF) 与病变发生的关联.
主要成果:
- 在研究期间,小牛的平均每日SF摄入量显著增加.
- 在SF干物质摄入量和腹腔损伤患病率 (每100克SF增加4±1%) 之间发现了正相关性.
- SF中的粉含量,而不是NDF,与增加腹部损伤有显著的联系 (p < 0.001).
结论:
- 虽然SF的含有提高了与纯牛奶饮食相比,小牛的福利,当前高粉配方损害了胃肠道的完整性.
- 这些发现强调需要重新评估牛肉生产的最佳SF成分和含量水平.
- 调整SF以减少粉含量对于可持续和以福利为重点的小牛养殖至关重要.
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