用于检测老年人抑郁症的语音分析:一个系统性审查
Israel Martínez-Nicolás1, Diego Criado1, Fernando Gordillo1
1Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Frontiers in psychology
|December 29, 2025
概括
语音分析提供了一种可靠的,非侵入性的方法来检测老年人的抑郁症. 关键的语音标记,如速度减慢和暂停变化,显示出显著的诊断潜力.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 语音语言病理学 语音语言病理学
背景情况:
- 抑郁症在老年人中比一般人群更为常见.
- 传统的抑郁症评估在老年人中存在局限性,包括主观性和与衰老重叠.
- 语音分析是一个有希望的,客观的,非侵入性的方法来评估这一群体的抑郁症.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查与老年人抑郁症相关的语言特征.
- 评估语音分析在诊断抑郁症的临床潜力,在这个年龄组.
主要方法:
- 对过去10年发表的研究,在多个数据库 (Medline,CINAHL,PsychINFO,IEEE,Web of Science) 进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 包括的研究集中在55岁以上的成年人中,他们患有抑郁症和声学语音变量.
- 选择了16项研究,使用JBI工具进行质量评估,并提取语音参数.
主要成果:
- 抑郁的老年人表现出较慢的语音速度,增加了暂停时间和可变性,减少了强度和改变了语音质量.
- 机器学习模型在预测抑郁症方面达到76-95%的准确性,特别是在控制年龄和性别时.
- 关于基本频率 (F0) 和形式的发现不一致,观察到一些性别特异性差异.
结论:
- 语音分析是一种可靠,非侵入性和具有成本效益的工具,用于识别老年人的抑郁症.
- 语音的时间性,表声性和光谱性特征显示出强大的诊断潜力.
- 需要对更大,更多样化的样本进行进一步的研究,以验证语音生物标志物作为当前评估的辅助.
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