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用面向微生物群的干预措施和糖尿病治疗的创新来准TLR4轴:叙事性审查
Christos G Nikolaidis1,2, Despoina Gyriki3, Elisavet Stavropoulou4,5
1Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, 'AHEPA' University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
Frontiers in immunology
|December 29, 2025
概括
肠道微生物群-托尔类受体4 (TLR4) 途径驱动糖尿病的炎症和胰岛素抵抗. 通过天然化合物,便微生物群移植 (FMT) 或新技术准这种途径显示了对代谢平衡的治疗前景.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 代谢过程中的代谢.
背景情况:
- 肠道微生物群 - - 托尔类受体4 (TLR4) - - 核因子卡帕B (NF-κB) 信号通路与1型糖尿病 (T1DM) 和2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的低级慢性炎症和胰岛素抵抗有关.
- 虽然TLR4介导的炎症与T1DM和T2DM都相关,但大多数针对微生物群的干预措施都专注于T2DM.
研究的目的:
- 本次审查侧重于T2DM,在适用的情况下与T1DM进行平行.
- 探索调节肠道微生物群-TLR4-NF-κB通路的治疗潜力,用于糖尿病治疗.
主要方法:
- 对饮食中的生物活性分子,便微生物群移植 (FMT) 和针对肠道微生物群-免疫轴的技术创新现有文献的审查.
- 分析诸如塞拉斯特罗尔,柏柏林,帕欧尼佛林和甘提取物等药物抑制TLR4/骨髓分化主反应88 (MyD88) /NF-κB信号传递的机制.
- 检查FMT,减肥手术和新兴技术 (如可摄入生物传感器,肠上芯片平台) 在调节肠道微生物群和免疫反应方面的作用.
主要成果:
- 饮食中的天然生物活性分子通过TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号抑制表现出抗炎和抗糖尿病作用.
- 便微生物群移植 (FMT) 已显示出增强β细胞功能和胰岛素敏感性的潜力,有免疫代谢调节的证据.
- 技术创新提供了肠道微生物群的实时监测和精确调节,而胃绕道手术诱导了与血糖益处相关的微生物重塑.
结论:
- 通过药物学,手术或技术方法调节肠道微生物群与免疫相互作用,为糖尿病管理提供了一个有希望的补充策略.
- 未来的方向包括个性化微生物群匹配,标准化的FMT协议,以及用于基于微生物组的精密医学的数字治疗方法的整合.
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