在瑞典国家样本中,智力障碍者中精神和物质使用障碍的增加
Ruth C Brown1, Linda Abrahamsson2, Jan Sundquist2
1Department of Psychiatry, https://ror.org/02nkdxk79Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.
Psychological medicine
|December 29, 2025
概括
智力障碍 (ID) 的成年人面临着明显更高的心理健康和物质使用障碍,特别是精神病障碍的风险. 这凸显了对这一群体进行全面心理健康查和干预的迫切需要.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 智力障碍 (ID) 的成年人经历了显著的心理健康差异.
- 关于ID中精神健康诊断的全人口数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 估计成年人患有智障的各种精神病和物质使用障碍的终身风险.
- 通过全国性的瑞典注册,将这些风险与一般人口进行比较.
主要方法:
- 使用瑞典国家登记 (初级保健,专家,住院,处方,刑事) 对1958年至1997年出生的人员.
- 包括38818名ID诊断的个人和一般人口队列.
- 采用Cox比例危险回归来计算主要抑郁症,焦虑症,强迫症,精神疾病,多动症,物质使用障碍和精神病的危险比率 (HR).
主要成果:
- 患有痴呆症的人对所有评估的精神病和物质使用障碍的风险更高.
- 抑郁症/焦虑/物质使用的HRs范围为1.7-2.0,BD/OCD/ADHD的3.5-5.8,精神病的10.9-12.7.
- 与中度/严重ID相比,轻度ID的患病率较高;在出生队列中风险缩小,但绝对差异仍然存在.
结论:
- 患有ID的成年人表现出明显更高的精神病和物质使用发病率,特别是在精神疾病方面.
- 这些差异持续了60多年.
- 整个系统的心理健康查和定制干预措施对于解决这些不平等至关重要.
相关概念视频
Intellectual Disability
584
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
584
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
360
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
360
Dissociative Identity Disorder
597
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
597
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
926
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
926
Autism Spectrum Disorder
892
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
892
Stress and Mental Health
536
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
536


