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准实验研究的系统审查:挑战和考虑

Sarah B Windle¹, Sam Harper², Jasleen Arneja¹

¹Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Ave, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1G1 Canada; Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Ave, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1G1 Canada.

Journal of clinical epidemiology

|December 29, 2025

概括

包括准实验性研究在内的系统审查需要广泛的搜索和专家团队. 解决方法上的挑战可以改善观测研究中的因果效应估计.

科学领域:

流行病学流行病学
公共卫生公共卫生
生物医学研究生物医学研究

背景情况:

准实验性研究从观察数据中提供因果推断,在比其他设计更弱的假设下解释未测量的混.
准实验方法的普及需要系统的审查专业知识在他们的评估.
卫生科学中的系统审查越来越多地遇到各种各样的准实验设计,如差异差异和中断时间序列.

研究的目的:

概述包含准实验研究的系统审查的主要方法论挑战和考虑因素.
为进行此类审查提出当前的建议和方法.
引导调查人员在系统审查中评估准实验证据.

主要方法:

建议进行全面的文献搜索,包括灰色文献和预印件库.
由于命名和索引不一致,建议不要使用特定设计的搜索术语.
强调需要具有准实验设计专业知识的审查团队来进行选和偏见风险评估.
建议使用粒度风险偏差工具 (例如,ROBINS-I) 来识别无偏差的因果效应估计.
在解释过程中,主张在不同的准实验设计中考虑各种估计.

主要成果:

包括准实验研究在内的系统审查在研究识别和偏见风险评估方面面临挑战.
不一致的命名法和数据库索引不良阻碍了准实验研究的检索.
准实验性设计方面的专业知识对于准确的偏差风险评估至关重要.
解释发现需要仔细关注每个准实验设计的具体估计值.

结论:

准实验性研究的系统审查需要具体的方法调整,以获得可靠的因果推理.
需要改善准实验性研究的命名法和报告标准,以促进系统审查.
系统性审查的更具包容性的方法,包括跨方法的精心设计的研究,通常优先于限制性纳入标准.

关键词:

准实验性研究几乎是实验性的.系统审查方法的方法论.

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