除了蜜蜂之外:无刺蜜蜂对农药有更大的敏感性,这对风险评估有影响
Isabella Cristina de Castro Lippi1, Cooper Schouten1, Yan Souza Lima2
1Bee Research and Extension Lab, Southern Cross University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Lismore Campus, Australia.
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology
|December 29, 2025
概括
无刺蜂对农药的敏感性比蜜蜂更强. 目前的风险评估可能低估了热带授粉者面临的威胁,因此需要进行更广泛的测试以有效保护.
科学领域:
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 授粉者生物学 授粉者生物学
- 环境风险评估环境风险评估
背景情况:
- 授粉者减少是一个重要的环境问题,农药被认为是主要的驱动因素.
- 目前的农药风险评估主要以蜜蜂 (蜜蜂) (Apis mellifera) 为模型,可能会忽视对其他重要授粉者的风险.
- 无刺蜂 (Meliponini部落) 是热带和亚热带地区的重要授粉者,但它们对农药的敏感性在监管框架中不足.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合现有关于无刺蜂中农药毒性的证据.
- 为了比较无刺蜂的敏感性与蜜蜂的敏感性.
- 评估这些发现对当前环境风险评估实践和授粉者保护的影响.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行了系统的文献审查,搜索主要的学术数据库,查找2014年至2025年间发表的研究.
- 数据提取集中在无刺蜂物种,农药类型,暴露途径和物种敏感度比率 (SSR) 的计算,以量化相对敏感度.
- 总共分析了27项研究,115项实验和24种无刺蜂种.
主要成果:
- 与Apis mellifera相比,无刺蜂在72%的分析试验中对农药表现出更高的敏感性.
- 在不刺的蜜蜂中,在比蜜蜂更低的杀虫剂度下观察到不良影响.
- 杀虫剂是研究的主要农药类别 (98%),口服暴露是最常见的途径 (61%).
结论:
- 基于过去十年的证据,无刺蜂对农药的敏感性始终高于Apis mellifera.
- 目前依赖Apis mellifera作为唯一替代物种进行农药风险评估可能导致低估了对热带授粉者的风险.
- 扩大生态毒理学测试,包括无刺蜂和相关暴露途径,对于提高风险评估准确性,加强授粉者保护,保护生物多样性和农业可持续性至关重要.
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