葡萄牙小学学生体质指数,体力活动,学校认知能力和学业成绩之间的关联
Miguel Rebelo1,2, João Serrano1,2, Samuel Honório1,2
1Department of Sports and Well-Being, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-266 Castelo Branco, Portugal.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 30, 2025
概括
定期体力活动和足够的体重指数 (BMI) 与小学学生更好的学业表现有关. 在学校推广每周4至6小时的体育活动可以提高健康和学习成果.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 童年习惯显著影响身体,认知和社会情感的发展.
- 身体活动与健康和学业成功相关,而高体重指数 (BMI) 可能会对学校成绩产生负面影响.
- 关于葡萄牙儿童的BMI,体力活动和学业成绩之间的相互作用,国家数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查BMI,感知学校能力,学业表现和每周体育活动量之间的关联.
- 解决关于葡萄牙小学学生这些因素的国家证据的差距.
- 为促进学生福祉和学业成绩制定基于证据的战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及10所公立学校531名小学学生 (平均年龄9.13岁) 的横截面相关性研究.
- 身体质量指数 (BMI) 从人体测量指标计算;身体活动自我报告.
- 使用哈特的自我概念尺度评估感知能力;从学校记录中获得的学术表现.
主要成果:
- 较高的BMI显示了与感知能力和学业成绩的负面关联 (r = 0.18-0.32).
- 定期体育活动 (每周4-6小时) 与葡萄牙语和数学表现的提高有关.
- 身体活动 (β = 0.093,p = 0.033) 和感知能力 (β = 0.126,p = 0.004) 预测了学业成绩;BMI不是一个显著的预测因素 (β = -0.028,p = 0.524).
结论:
- 适当的BMI和定期体育活动与儿童学业表现的提高有关.
- 感知能力可能起到调解作用,尽管在本研究中没有正式测试.
- 建议每周4-6小时的学校体育活动计划,以促进健康和学业成功.
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