抗菌疗法对婴儿微生物群发育的影响
Tatiana Priputnevich1,2,3, Pavel Denisov1, Ksenia Zhigalova1
1National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 30, 2025
概括
在婴儿中使用抗生素显著减少了肠道微生物群的多样性和有益细菌,可能增加过敏和代谢问题的风险. 像益生菌这样的策略对于恢复肠道健康至关重要.
科学领域:
- 儿科健康 儿科健康
- 微生物组研究 微生物组研究
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 早期的肠道微生物群对免疫和代谢发育至关重要.
- 诸如抗生素暴露等因素极大地影响了微生物组合和健康结果.
- 了解这些早期的微生物动态对于儿童的长期福祉至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较接受β-乳糖抗生素的婴儿与没有接受β-乳糖抗生素的婴儿的肠道微生物组成.
- 评估抗生素治疗对幼儿时代微生物多样性和特定细菌群体的影响.
主要方法:
- 在两个婴儿年龄组 (6-8个月和9-12个月) 中对便微生物群组成进行比较分析.
- 参与者是通过自发分娩产生的满期婴儿,其中一组接受了β-乳糖抗生素.
- 使用定量实时PCR (qRT-PCR) 来分析结肠微生物群.
主要成果:
- 抗生素治疗导致阿尔法多样性显著减少 (香农和辛普森指数).
- 关键的有益细菌,包括*Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*, *Clostridium leptum*, *Bacteroides* spp. 和 *Bifidobacteria* 种类,显著减少.
- 观察到的变化表明,在抗生素暴露后,肠道微生物社区结构发生了实质性的转变.
结论:
- 婴儿的抗生素诱导的微生物群变化可能会损害免疫和代谢发育.
- 减少有益细菌的殖民增加了过敏,亚托皮和代谢疾病的风险.
- 诸如益生菌,益生菌和饮食改变等干预措施对于使用抗生素后的微生物群恢复至关重要.
相关概念视频
Anatomy of the Intestines
86.5K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
86.5K
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents
400
Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
400
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
911
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
911
Antimicrobial Effectiveness
876
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
876
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption
225
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
225
Surface Membrane Barriers
2.5K
The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
2.5K


