对ASD幼儿的功能性沟通培训和在自然环境中具有挑战性的行为进行元分析
Kwang-Sun Cho Blair1, Eun-Young Park2, Madeline R Risse1
1Applied Behavior Analysis Program, Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 30, 2025
概括
功能性沟通训练 (FCT) 有效地减少了具有挑战性的行为,并提高了自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的幼儿的沟通技巧. 然而,为了更好的临床指导,研究质量和报告需要改进.
科学领域:
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 对幼儿的沟通和行为提出了重大挑战.
- 功能性沟通培训 (FCT) 是应对这些挑战的广泛使用的干预措施.
研究的目的:
- 综合现有的单个案例设计研究,对患有自闭症的幼儿进行FCT.
- 评估FCT的有效性,并确定影响其结果的因素.
主要方法:
- 1996年至2021年间发表的34个单一案例设计研究的元分析.
- 包括79名患有自闭症的2-8岁儿童.
- 使用什么工作清算中心标准进行质量评估.
主要成果:
- FCT在减少具有挑战性的行为方面表现出很大的效果 (Tau-BC = 0.97),在增加替代性沟通行为方面表现出中等到很大的效果 (Tau-BC = 0.78).
- 在学校环境中进行的研究显示,效果大小明显大于家庭环境中的效果.
- 很大一部分研究 (70.6%) 没有达到What Works Clearinghouse的标准,通常是由于数据点不足.
结论:
- FCT是针对患有自闭症的幼儿的基于证据的实践,有效地管理行为和改善沟通.
- 研究的方法严谨性,包括对偏好评估,忠实性,社会有效性,维护和概括性的报告,需要加强.
- 未来的研究应该集中在家长培训,长期影响和详细的干预参数上,以加强证据基础.
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