大型泌尿外科手术后术后 Delirium 的发生率和术后风险因素

Vesna Jovanovic1,2, Sandra Sipetic Grujicic2,3, Natasa Petrovic1,2

  • 1Center for Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2 St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

PubMed

背景: 术后谵妄(POD)是老年患者最常见的手术并发症之一。本研究探讨了泌尿外科手术后 POD 的发生率及围手术期危险因素。方法: 本前瞻性观察研究纳入了2024年5月至2025年3月期间接受全身麻醉下择期大型泌尿外科手术的162名年龄≥50岁的男性患者。术后5天内每天两次使用CAM-ICU评估谵妄。比较发生谵妄与未发生谵妄的患者组,并分析围手术期谵妄的预测因素。采用多变量回归分析确定术后谵妄(POD)的独立危险因素。结果:总体而言,在随访期间有16%的患者出现了谵妄。发生术后谵妄(POD)的患者年龄显著偏大(平均年龄分别为73.3 ± 5.2岁与66.3 ± 7.2岁,p< 0.001),合并症更多,且居住于农村地区。心房颤动和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)尤为显著。与从不饮酒的患者相比,轻度/中度饮酒患者的术后谵妄(POD)发生率更高。术中因素分析显示,两组在术中低血压和输血方面存在显著差异。谵妄患者的术后疼痛更为严重。通过ROC曲线确定了年龄(≥67.5岁)、合并症数量(≥2种)、术前简易精神状态检查(MMSE)评分(≤25.5)和术后数字评分量表(NRS)评分(≥4.85)的最佳截断值。多变量分析结果显示,在该队列中,年龄≥67.5岁、COPD、轻度/中度饮酒、术前MMSE评分≤25.5、术中低血压以及术后NRS评分≥4.85为独立危险因素。结论: 考虑到上述部分危险因素是可以干预的,有必要强调,预防术后谵妄(POD)是可行的,且应成为老年患者治疗中的优先事项之一。

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