驴奶的生物活性蛋白质概况和组成演变,反映了其营养和功能性食品价值
Ana-Maria Plotuna1, Ionela Hotea1, Alexandra Ban-Cucerzan1
1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 30, 2025
概括
在整个哺乳期内,驴奶的成分发生变化,最初高水平的固体和蛋白质下降,而乳酸和溶酶等免疫蛋白质显示出明显的变化,支持其营养价值.
科学领域:
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
- 食品化学 食品化学
- 营养保健品 营养保健品
背景情况:
- 驴奶因其独特的营养成分而被公认为具有功能性食品特性.
- 它含有生物活性化合物和免疫活性蛋白质,使其与人类营养相关.
- 了解整个哺乳期的组成变化对于其应用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在整个哺乳期内调查驴奶化学成分和免疫活性蛋白质的纵向变化.
- 为了在不同的哺乳阶段建立驴奶成分的参考值.
- 评估生物活性蛋白质的调节,并支持其营养学相关性.
主要方法:
- 一项纵向观察性研究,涉及153个从早期到晚期哺乳期的驴奶样本.
- 化学成分 (总固体,蛋白质,脂肪,乳糖,灰) 用中红外光谱分析.
- 通过ELISA定量三明治量化量化的免疫活性蛋白 (乳酸,α-乳酸,β-乳糖球蛋白,酶).
主要成果:
- 大奶粉显示出高总固体 (10.13%),蛋白质 (3.1%) 和灰 (0.73%),分别下降至8.45%,1.14%和0.64%.
- 脂肪的变化很小 (0.55-0.25%),而乳糖保持稳定 (5.75-6.41%).
- 乳酪蛋白增加,α-乳酪蛋白在哺乳期中达到峰值,而β-乳酪蛋白和lyszyme在哺乳期内下降.
结论:
- 驴奶在哺乳期经历了显著的组成变化,固体和蛋白质稀释,但免疫蛋白质的调节.
- 免疫活性蛋白质的明显轨迹表明保护性状况保持,而不是损失.
- 这些发现支持驴奶对人类营养和健康的营养学相关性.
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