穿皮大通道脊柱内解压对老年患者应激反应,腰部稳定性和残疾指数的影响 单段退行性腰部脊柱狭窄症

Changhe Wang1, Xinjie Wang, Fei Gao

  • 1Department of Pain Management, Huaibei Miners' General Hospital, Huaibei, Anhui, China.

Medicine
|December 30, 2025
PubMed

本研究旨在评估经皮大通道脊柱内镜减压术对单节段退行性腰椎管狭窄症(LSS)老年患者应激反应、腰椎稳定性及功能障碍指数的影响。对2020年1月至2024年1月期间收治的120例单节段退行性LSS老年患者进行回顾性分析,其中57例接受经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术(椎间孔镜组),63例接受经皮大通道脊柱内镜减压术(大通道组)。比较两组的手术指标、并发症、应激反应、腰腿痛程度、腰椎功能[日本骨科协会(JOA)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分]及腰椎稳定性。大通道组手术时间更短,术中透视次数更少(P<0.05),但术中出血量和切口长度更大(P<0.05)。两组住院时间及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3天,两组血清去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平均较术前升高(P<0.05),但大通道组低于椎间孔镜组(P<0.05)。术后1周、3个月及6个月,两组腰痛与腿痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)均低于术前(P<0.05),且大通道组在术后3个月和6个月改善更显著(P<0.05)。术后1、3、6个月,两组JOA评分均上升,ODI评分均下降(P<0.05),且大通道组在术后3个月和6个月JOA评分更高、ODI评分更低(P<0.05)。术后6个月,两组腰椎曲度、腰椎前凸角、骨盆倾斜角及椎间隙高度均较术前改善(P<0.05),且大通道组改善幅度更大(P<0.05)。经皮大通道脊柱内镜减压术治疗单节段退行性LSS老年患者可缩短手术时间,减轻狭窄程度与应激反应,改善功能,并增强腰椎稳定性,其确切疗效支持其临床推广应用。

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