双语增强自闭症患者的语言意识:扩展二维语法判断任务
Pauline Wolfer1, Franziska Baumeister1, Stephanie Durrleman1
1Autism, Bilingualism, Cognitive and Communicative Development Research Group (ABCCD), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
概括
与单语同龄人相比,双语自闭症儿童表现出增强的金属语言意识 (MA),特别是在认知控制方面. 更高的第二语言 (L2) 熟练程度与更好的整体表现相关,这表明双语可能有利于自闭症儿童.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
背景情况:
- 双语与金属语言意识 (MA) 有关,但研究结果不一致.
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 呈现出多样化的认知和语言特征,使对双语影响的研究变得复杂.
- 第一语言 (L1) 和第二语言 (L2) 熟练程度对自闭症儿童的MA的具体贡献未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 探讨自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的和没有自闭症的儿童的双语和金属语言意识 (MA) 之间的关系.
- 检查L1和L2熟练程度如何影响MA组件,特别是分析知识和认知控制.
- 探索在自闭症儿童中双语的潜在金属语言益处.
主要方法:
- 一个语法判断任务 (GJT) 评估了270名儿童 (5-12岁;90名自闭症,180名神经类型) 的MA组件.
- 双语能力被分别分析 (单语言与双语) 和连续 (L2能力).
- 对年龄,非语言智商和L1熟练程度进行控制的通用线性混合效应模型.
主要成果:
- 在神经类型儿童中,没有观察到MA中具有显著的双语优势.
- 双语自闭症儿童在GJT的认知控制方面表现优于单语自闭症儿童.
- 在自闭症儿童中,较高的L2熟练程度与更好的整体GJT表现有关.
结论:
- 双语可能为自闭症儿童提供特定的金属语言益处,特别是在认知控制方面.
- 研究结果强调了考虑双语的分类和连续测量的重要性,以了解神经多样性人群中的个体变异性.
- 这项研究表明,双语不是有害的,可能会为ASD的金属语言能力带来优势.
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