在出生后2天内,新生儿上下感官预测的证据
Naiqi G Xiao1,2, Claire E Robertson2,3, Lauren L Emberson2,4
1Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Developmental science
|December 30, 2025
概括
新生儿的大脑表现出自上而下的感官预测,在出生时显示出预测处理能力. 这表明关键的早期感知发展能力比以前理解的要早得多.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 在六个月大的婴儿中观察到感知皮层的自上向下调制.
- 这种能力在早期发育中的出现和时间尚未完全理解.
- 关于上向下感知调制的最早开始,存在相互矛盾的证据.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究新生儿的上下感知调制,使用上下感知预测范式.
- 为了确定新生儿是否可以预测即将到来的感官信息,并调节感知皮层活动.
- 建立最早的发展阶段,在此阶段出现了自上而下的预测处理.
主要方法:
- 利用功能近红外光谱学 (fNIRS) 来监测睡眠新生儿的叶活动.
- 采用一种具有听觉视觉刺激 (A+V+) 和视觉遗漏 (A+V-) 的学习范式.
- 在学习视听关联后,评估神经对意想不到的视觉遗漏的反应.
主要成果:
- 在学习过程中建立的新生儿叶活动,对意想不到的视觉遗漏作出了反应.
- 这种反应证实了新生儿上下传感预测的能力.
- 实验2排除了其他解释,如高兴度或非特定的视觉反应.
结论:
- 提供了首个关于新生儿视觉反应上下调节的证据.
- 这表明,自上而下的预测处理能力在出生时就存在,比以前想象的要早.
- 突出了上下预测处理在早期感知和认知发育中的关键作用.
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