从出口的角度来看,国际航运CO2排放在不同经济体中的差异
Xiaotong Wang1, Xinyi Fu1,2, Dongsheng Chen1
1Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Environmental science & technology
|December 30, 2025
概括
全球海运排放量正在从高收入国家转移到新兴经济体. 尽管总体强度下降,但碳排放仍然存在严重的国家差异,需要公平的责任分配.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 气候变化 气候变化
- 海上物流的海上物流
背景情况:
- 国际航运对全球贸易至关重要,但也是二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放的主要贡献者.
- 这些排放对实现全球气候目标构成重大挑战.
- 了解国家排放模式对于有效的气候政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从1995年到2021年,系统地调查与各国的海上出口贸易相关的航运二氧化碳排放的演变.
- 评估国家排放模式及其驱动因素的差异.
- 评估全球碳负担在海上运输中的公平分配.
主要方法:
- 利用以贸易为导向的方法来分析船舶二氧化碳排放.
- 对不同收入群体的GDP和人口的排放趋势进行了研究.
- 对比主要经济体的国家排放强度和人均排放.
主要成果:
- 航运业的二氧化碳排放显示出从高收入国家转向中高收入国家和新兴经济体的趋势.
- 全球平均GDP正常化的航运排放强度在1995年至2021年期间下降了33.6%.
- 人均和GDP正常化的排放仍然存在显著差异,高收入国家贡献的不成比例.
- 澳大利亚的正常化强度很高,而中国的正常化强度低于平均水平,这表明结构性不平等.
结论:
- 海洋排放模式正在演变,出现了更平衡的分布.
- 尽管全球减排强度有所降低,但排放负担在各个国家仍然存在很大差异.
- 需要一个差异化,多尺度的框架,以便在海洋排放中公平地分配责任.
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