身体活动抵消与空气污染相关的认知衰退:基于CHARLS的回顾性队列研究
Zhi Yu1, Zhefu Jiang1, Yifan Feng2
1School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
概括
定期体力活动 (PA) 可以防止由空气污染,特别是PM2.5.5引起的认知衰退. 每天大约13分钟的运动可以抵消PM2.5暴露增加的认知影响.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 空气污染,特别是细颗粒物 (PM2.5),对老年人群的认知健康问题越来越关注.
- 现有研究表明,PM2.5暴露与认知衰退之间存在联系,但身体活动 (PA) 的保护作用仍在调查中.
研究的目的:
- 调查身体活动 (PA) 是否减轻中年和老年人空气污染引起的认知衰退.
- 量化PA和PM2.5暴露与认知功能之间的剂量反应关系.
- 制定特定于污染的PA建议,以抵消认知障碍.
主要方法:
- 利用了中国健康与退休长度研究 (CHARLS) 的五波 (2011-2020) 数据,其中包括12196名45岁及以上的成年人.
- 使用高分辨率卫星模型和分析认知功能数据估计环境污染物水平.
- 采用线性混合效应模型,同时置换和通用添加模型来评估PM2.5和PA对认知的交互影响,按社会经济地位和居住环境分层.
主要成果:
- 较高的PM2.5暴露与较差的认知功能显著相关 (β = -0.0146,p < 0.001).
- 身体活动 (PA) 对与PM2.5相关的认知衰退具有显著的缓冲效应 (相互作用β = 0.0344,p = 0.001),在不同社会经济地位和住宅环境中一致.
- 特定的PM2.5成分,硫酸盐和黑碳 (BC) 被确定为关键有害成分,强烈的PA对BC更有效,轻度至中度的PA对硫酸盐更有效.
结论:
- 硫酸盐和黑碳是PM2.5引起的认知衰退的主要原因.
- 据估计,每天13分钟的体育活动可以抵消PM2.5.5增加10μg/m3的认知影响.
- 应量身定制PA建议,在硫酸盐普遍存在的地区偏好轻度至中度活动,在BC占主导地位的地区偏好强度活动.
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