改善青少年营养的社区干预措施:范围审查
Dewi Nurlaela Sari1, Dany Hilmanto2, Deni K Sunjaya3
1Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia. dewi23014@mail.unpad.ac.id.
BMC public health
|December 30, 2025
概括
社区干预措施在整合时改善青少年营养,将教育与支持性食物环境以及至少6-12个月的护理人员参与相结合. 这些策略提高了饮食质量,可以减少腰围.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 青少年面临着独特的营养挑战,因为不断变化的饮食模式受到社会,经济和环境因素的影响.
- 快餐和含糖饮料的消费增加,加上低水果和蔬菜摄入量,导致青少年肥胖和非传染性疾病的增加.
- 涉及学校,家庭和社会环境的社区干预措施为青少年营养行为改变提供了整体方法.
研究的目的:
- 探索和综合各种以社区为基础的干预措施,旨在改善青少年营养.
- 确定成功的青少年营养计划的有效策略和影响因素.
主要方法:
- 来自CINAHL,PubMed和Scopus数据库 (2015-2025) 的文章的范围审查.
- 关键词包括"青少年营养"",基于社区的干预"",基于学校的营养计划"和"健康的饮食行为".
- 从12项纳入研究中提取了数据,并对其进行了定性分析,以确定干预模式和有效性因素.
主要成果:
- 十二项研究符合纳入标准,揭示了四个干预类别:以学校为基础的教育,食品环境修改,数字工具和理论驱动的行为改变.
- 综合教育,更健康的食物选择和家庭/社区参与的多组件计划显示,饮食质量 (较高的水果/蔬菜摄入量,较低的含糖饮料) 的改善比单组件策略更为一致.
- 数字工具在自我监测和护理人员参与方面是有效的;仅环境变化的影响是有限的. 长时间的随访显示腰围减少,但BMI没有减少.
结论:
- 综合性社区战略,结合教育,支持性食物环境和6-12个月的结构化护理人员参与,对青少年营养最有效.
- 监测和反对于持续的影响至关重要.
- 敏感的结果,如腰围和饮食质量指数,比BMI在更短的随访期间更好地显示早期影响.
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