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针对固体瘤的基于免疫细胞的疗法,当前的挑战和治疗进展

Shukoofeh Torabi^1,2, Elham Yekzaman³, Soroush Taherkhani⁴

¹Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

Cell communication and signaling : CCS

|December 31, 2025

概括

癌症免疫疗法正在发展,以克服固体瘤的挑战,如抗原异质性和免疫抑制. 诸如细胞疗法和细胞外囊泡等策略显示出希望,目前正在进行的研究解决了耐药性和毒性,以获得更好的患者结果.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
在瘤学瘤学.
生物技术是生物技术.

背景情况:

固体瘤由于抗原异质性,物理障碍和免疫抑制性瘤微环境 (TME) 存在重大治疗挑战.
癌症免疫疗法在过去十年中取得了相当大的进步,引入了新的策略来应对这些挑战.

研究的目的:

总结目前针对固体瘤的基于免疫细胞的治疗方法.
分析它们与TME的相互作用,突出临床进展,并讨论克服抗性的生物工程策略.
审查基于无细胞细胞外囊泡 (EV) 的方法和未来的方向.

主要方法:

对各种免疫治疗方式的现有文献的审查,包括CAR-T细胞,树突细胞 (DC) 疫苗和自然杀手细胞 (NK).
分析生物工程策略,如多抗原向,细胞因子盔甲和安全开关.
评估细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 作为一种无细胞的治疗选择.

主要成果:

不同的模式,如CAR巨细胞,DC疫苗,NK/NKT细胞,TIL疗法,TCR工程T细胞,B细胞工程和EV与TME有不同的相互作用.
关键的临床里程碑包括2024年FDA批准一种TIL产品用于黑色素瘤.
生物工程策略旨在提高效率和安全性,而基于电动汽车的策略在安全性和可制造性方面提供了潜在的优势.

结论:

基于免疫细胞的疗法是治疗固体瘤的快速成熟和变革性的方法.
解决制造标准化,点/瘤外影响以及有限的持久性等挑战至关重要.
与检查点封锁,放射治疗和向药物的合理组合具有显著的治疗潜力.

关键词:

细胞疗法是一种细胞疗法.细胞外囊泡中的细胞外囊泡.免疫疗法是一种免疫疗法.固体瘤是一个固体瘤.在TME中,它是最重要的.

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