地中海饮食对血糖控制,体重指数,脂质概况和2型糖尿病血压的影响:随机对照试验的元分析
Ming-Ju Wu1,2, Cheng-Hsien Hung3, Su-Boon Yong2,4,5
1School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.
Nutrients
|December 31, 2025
概括
地中海饮食适度地改善了2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的血糖控制和体重指数 (BMI). 这种饮食模式也有利于心脏代谢风险因素,显示出临床实践的潜力.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 是一个重大的全球健康挑战.
- 地中海饮食在管理心血管和代谢健康方面表现有前途.
- 自2015年以来,对地中海饮食对T2DM血糖控制和BMI的影响进行了全面的元分析.
研究的目的:
- 对地中海饮食对T2DM的影响进行随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查和元分析.
- 综合最近的RCT,包括文化适应的干预措施,在2015年后出版.
- 评估对血糖控制,体重指数 (BMI) 和心脏代谢风险因素的影响.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA 2020指南进行系统审查和元分析.
- 在PubMed,科学网和Embase搜索到2025年8月17日.
- 包括对T2DM成年人中地中海饮食与非地中海控制饮食进行比较的RCT;分析的主要结果:HbA1c,FPG,BMI;二次结果:LDL-C,SBP,DBP.
主要成果:
- 11个RCT (10个出版物) 符合纳入标准.
- 地中海饮食干预措施显著降低了HbA1c (MD -0.307%),FPG (MD -0.845 mmol/L) 和BMI (MD -0.828 kg/m2) 的水平.
- 观察到LDL-C,SBP和DBP的减少;在非地中海人口中观察到更大的血压益处.
结论:
- 地中海饮食模式与T2DM成年人血糖控制和心脏代谢风险因素的适度改善有关.
- 地中海饮食的文化适应性支持其临床实施.
- 进一步的大规模,多中心试验标准化协议和扩展后续是有必要的.
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