接受皮质类固醇和其他免疫调节剂的患者的肺部感染
Emily S Hartman1, Rodrigo Cavallazzi2
1Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States.
Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
|December 31, 2025
概括
越来越多地使用免疫抑制剂,如皮质类固醇和生物药物,增加了肺炎的风险. 本综述检查了这些疗法患者的肺炎,涵盖原因,呈现和管理.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 由于医学进步和新疗法,免疫抑制的患病率越来越高.
- 大约有3%的人口每年使用全身性皮质类固醇.
- 免疫调节剂 (生物制剂,小分子) 的使用越来越多,会影响免疫功能.
研究的目的:
- 审查使用慢性系统性皮质类固醇和免疫调节剂的患者肺炎风险的文献.
- 分析这些疗法对肺炎发病率,微生物学和结果的影响.
- 讨论这种患者群体中肺炎的临床表现和管理策略.
主要方法:
- 对与免疫抑制疗法相关的肺炎风险研究的文献评估.
- 专注于慢性系统性皮质类固醇治疗,生物制剂和小分子.
- 考虑剂量,持续时间,适应症和潜在条件.
主要成果:
- 慢性皮质类固醇治疗是导致肺炎的免疫抑制的重要原因.
- 免疫调节剂具有多种作用,需要进行个别评估.
- 这些患者的肺炎带来了独特的微生物学和临床挑战.
结论:
- 了解与不同免疫抑制剂相关的特定风险至关重要.
- 需要对患者进行个性化评估,考虑药物细节和潜在疾病.
- 对免疫抑制患者的肺炎需要有效的管理策略.
相关概念视频
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
801
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
801
01:26COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids
698
Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
698
01:17Other Pulmonary Disorders
1.5K
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
1.5K
01:25Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
3.5K
Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
3.5K
01:17Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview
1.0K
Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
1.0K
01:25Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids
1.5K
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
1.5K