在美国的招聘广告中,低技能职业面临着更大的升级技能压力
Di Tong1, Lingfei Wu2, James A Evans3,4
1Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nature communications
|December 31, 2025
概括
由于技术,工作内容正在不断发展,需要大量的重新培训. 低技能职业面临更大的技能转移,可能缩小工作质量差距.
科学领域:
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 劳动社会学工作的社会学.
- 技术与社会 技术与社会
背景情况:
- 现有的研究主要估计了工作自动化易感性.
- 有限的研究探讨了工作内容如何随着新技术的发展,专注于技能转移而不是工作淘汰.
- 最近的发现强调了2010年代科学,技术,工程和数学 (STEM) 职业的重大技能变化.
研究的目的:
- 分析美国职业技能变化的模式.
- 确定面临最实质性的再培训需求的职业和工人.
- 调查技能演变如何因雇主规模,市场规模和人口群体而有所不同.
主要方法:
- 分析了721个职业的1.67亿份在线招聘公告.
- 利用技能嵌入空间来量化技能之间的"距离",并衡量技能变化.
- 对不同雇主规模,市场规模和人口统计因素的技能演变进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 与一些预期相反,在考虑技能相互依赖时,技能变化在低技能职业中更为明显.
- 来自较小雇主和市场的职位表现出更大的技能升级,与来自较大的实体的需求保持一致.
- 多样化的技能变化表明,不平等的重新培训压力和减少就业质量和职业机会差异的潜力.
结论:
- 技术进步正在重塑工作要求,低技能角色正在经历重大技能演变.
- 这项研究提供了一种新的方法,用于使用技能嵌入空间跟踪工作演变.
- 研究结果表明,技术,技能要求和劳动力市场动态之间存在复杂的相互作用,这对重新培训策略和劳动力发展有影响.
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