可转化元素的结构异质性和功能融合
Gleb Yu Kosovsky1, Galina V Glazko2, Tatiana T Glazko1
1Department of Biotechnology, Afanas'ev Research Institute of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Rabbit Breeding, Moscow, Russia.
Frontiers in genetics
|January 1, 2026
概括
哺乳动物基因组中的可转移元素 (TE) 频率是特定于物种的,不受基因特征的影响. 古代和年轻的TE显示出明显的相关性,这表明调节相互作用塑造了TE放大.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物的基因组主要由可转移元素 (TE) 组成.
- TE分布可以与基因组重组和基因定位相关.
- 了解TE分布对于理解基因组进化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析人类,牛和子中各种TE的局部基因组分布.
- 研究TE频率与基因特征 (长度,功能,染色体定位) 之间的关系.
- 探索TE组成和古老/年轻TE比率的特定物种差异.
主要方法:
- 在三种哺乳动物物种中对 TE 分布的比较基因组分析.
- 检查不同功能和位置的蛋白质编码基因内和侧面的TE.
- 统计分析不同TE类型和年龄类别之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- TE频率是特定于物种的,独立于基因长度,功能或染色体定位.
- 在古老与年轻的短间隔核元素 (SINEs) 和长间隔核元素 (LINEs) 的比例中观察到显著的物种特异性差异.
- 古代SINEs/LINEs和LTR-ERV之间的正相关性;年轻SINEs/LINEs和DNA转位子之间的负相关性.
结论:
- TE分布模式主要由特定物种因素而不是基因相关特征决定.
- 潜在的监管动机介导的TEs之间的相互作用和竞争关系影响了它们的放大.
- 主管监管系统在可转移元素的放大动态中发挥作用.
相关概念视频
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
18.7K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
18.7K
DNA-only Transposons
17.1K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
17.1K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
13.1K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
13.1K
LTR Retrotransposons
19.3K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
19.3K
Transposons
1.2K
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
1.2K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
6.6K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.6K


