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用Candida tropicalisATCC 20962进行长链二碳酸生物合成的可再生资源
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Just like β-keto acids—which upon thermal decarboxylation form ketones—β-dicarboxylic acids undergo decarboxylation to generate monocarboxylic acids with the liberation of carbon dioxide.
The mechanism initiates with an internal electronic redistribution, resulting in a cyclic six-membered transition state. This is followed by a C–C bond cleavage to produce an enol by releasing carbon dioxide gas. Next, the enol rapidly tautomerizes under the acidic conditions to yield a more stable...
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There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents results in a carboxylic acid. Aldehydes can also be oxidized in the presence of mild oxidizing agents.
Alkyl benzenes, bearing at least one benzylic hydrogen, can be oxidized using KMnO4 or Na2Cr2O7 to yield benzoic acid exclusively. The reaction is carried out under vigorous conditions such as heat and high oxidant concentration.
When...