一个融合稀疏学习算法用于滚动轴承故障识别
Yefeng Liu1,2, Jingjing Liu1,3, Yanwei Ma1,4
1Liaoning Key Laboratory of Information Physics Fusion and Intelligent Manufacturing for CNC Machine, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun, Liaoning, China.
PloS one
|January 6, 2026
概括
本研究介绍了一种新的两阶段算法,用于使用长短期记忆 (LSTM) 网络和随机配置网络 (SCN) 的稀疏学习来诊断滚动轴承故障. 该方法提高了故障识别的准确性和稀疏性,使其适用于边缘设备.
科学领域:
- 机械工程 机械工程
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 滚动轴承是CNC机床的关键部件,需要有效的数据驱动故障诊断.
- 现有的深度学习模型可能很复杂,并且缺乏边缘设备部署的可解释性.
- 对于滚动轴承的高效和准确的故障诊断算法存在需求.
研究的目的:
- 提出一个双阶段的融合稀疏学习算法,用于滚动轴承故障诊断.
- 为了利用长短期内存 (LSTM) 来提取时间特征和在随机配置网络 (SCN) 上进行稀疏学习进行分类.
- 开发一个适合边缘设备的轻量级和可解释的模型.
主要方法:
- 使用长短期内存 (LSTM) 网络来捕获传感器数据的时间特征的特征提取.
- 使用一种新的稀疏学习算法进行分类,在静态配置网络 (SCN) 上进行L0规范化.
- 代学习公式结合了ADMM和二次方程理论,并配有不平等监督机制.
主要成果:
- 拟议的LSTM-L0-SCN算法在基准数据集上实现了76.66%的最佳稀疏度度,在CWRU数据集上达到29.39%.
- 与基于聚合的稀有代码网络 (PSCN) 相比,稀有度有30%的改善.
- 在CWRU数据集上实现了97.51%的最佳测试分类准确性,验证了其在滚动轴承故障识别中的有效性.
结论:
- 开发的双阶段融合稀疏学习算法有效地诊断滚动轴承的故障.
- 该算法将LSTM的时间特征提取与SCN的稀疏性和效率相结合,优于现有方法.
- 该模型的轻量级性质和可解释性使其适合在边缘设备上部署,用于实时监控.
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