对识别癌症错误信息的能力过度自信:一个概念复制和扩展
Benjamin Lyons1,2, Andy J King1,2, Kimberly A Kaphingst1,2
1Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.
Human communication research
|January 6, 2026
概括
人们高估了他们发现健康错误信息的能力,往往在实际的辨别能力方面扎,而不仅仅是自我意识. 在健康信息评估中,这种宁-克鲁格效应需要有针对性的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 信息科学 信息科学 信息科学
背景情况:
- 对辨别政治错误信息的过度自信是有充分证据的.
- 宁-克鲁格效应描述了低能力个体如何高估自己的能力.
- 了解对健康错误信息的过度信任对于公共卫生传播至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 复制和扩展关于过度自信在辨别政治错误信息的研究到健康领域.
- 调查美国成年人对健康错误信息辨别的过度信心的流行率和相关性.
- 检查实际能力和元认知洞察力在这种过度自信中的作用.
主要方法:
- 概念复制和扩展先前的研究.
- 对美国成年人的全国调查数据 (N=593) 的分析,与网页浏览记录相关联.
- 调查过度自信,辨别能力,元认知洞察力,网站曝光和对错误信息的信念.
主要成果:
- 过度自信在表现不佳的人群中最为明显,在健康领域复制了宁-克鲁格效应.
- 过度自信和行为结果之间的关联 (例如,接触低可信度网站,相信错误信息) 主要是由辨别能力的缺陷驱动的.
- 超认知洞察力并没有显著地解释这些关联.
结论:
- 差的辨别能力和负面的行为结果之间的联系是强大的跨越不同的领域,包括健康错误信息.
- 干预措施应侧重于提高实际的评估技能,而不是仅仅侧重于元认知意识.
- 解决潜在的因素,如对科学的不信任和阴谋主义的世界观可能是必要的.
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