相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Topical Application Bioassay to Quantify Insecticide Toxicity for Mosquitoes and Fruit Flies

Topical Application Bioassay to Quantify Insecticide Toxicity for Mosquitoes and Fruit Flies

Published on: January 19, 2022

跨物种比较揭示了昆虫害虫在昆虫杀虫剂适应性进化能力上的差异

Chengyue Li^1,2,3, Sai Chai^1,2,3, Qinghong Zeng^1,2,3

¹State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.

Pest management science

|January 6, 2026

概括

抗昆虫剂的耐药性在米植物虫中演变得不同. 棕色 (BPH) 的进化速度比白背 (WBPH) 更快,耐药性更高,因此需要特定物种的害虫管理策略.

科学领域:

进化生物学进化生物学
农业昆虫学农业昆虫学
虫害管理虫害管理虫害管理

背景情况:

抗杀虫剂耐药性是农业害虫适应性进化的一个关键方面.
了解耐药性跨物种差异的驱动因素对于有效的害虫控制至关重要.
米,Nilaparvata lugens Stål (BPH) 和Sogatella furcifera Horvath (WBPH) 是密切相关的害虫,具有相似的生态.

研究的目的:

为了比较BPH和WBPH之间抗昆虫剂的进化能力.
将现场监测数据与实验室选择实验相结合,以了解耐药性的发展.

主要方法:

从1996年到2024年,长期实地监测杀虫剂耐药性.
使用特定杀虫剂 (thiamethoxam,triflumezopyrim,nitenpyram) 的受控实验室选择实验.
生物测试以量化耐药性水平和实现的遗传性 (h2).
专注于解毒路径的交叉耐药性和机制学研究.

主要成果:

与WBPH相比,BPH种群对多种杀虫剂的耐药性明显更高.
比BPH更快地发展出耐药性,并且达到比WBPH更高的耐药性上限,这是长期生物测试所证明的.
实验室选择证实了BPH更强的适应能力,比WBPH更高的实现遗传价值.
BPH通过多样化的解毒途径展示了广泛的交叉抗性网络,而WBPH显示了有限的交叉抗性.

结论:

抗昆虫剂的进化是特定物种的,BPH表现出比WBPH更快的发展,更高的耐药性上限和更广泛的交叉耐药性.
必须将物种级别的抗性能力差异纳入抗性风险评估中.
管理策略应强调BPH的杀虫剂旋转以减轻交叉耐药性,并减少WBPH的使用以尽量减少选择压力和环境影响.

关键词:

尼拉帕尔瓦塔 (尼拉帕尔瓦塔) 装饰品这种植物是Sogatella furcifera.适应性进化是适应性的进化.交叉电阻交叉电阻交叉电阻交叉电阻排毒的代谢,排毒的代谢.昆虫杀虫剂耐药性昆虫杀虫剂耐药性

更多相关视频

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes

Published on: February 13, 2019

Bioassays for Monitoring Insecticide Resistance

Bioassays for Monitoring Insecticide Resistance

Published on: December 30, 2010

相关概念视频

What is Natural Selection?

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.

Limits to Natural Selection

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.

Transduction

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...