显著的微生物媒介将饮食与克罗恩病和性结肠炎的炎症联系起来
Luis Mayorga1,2,3, Arnau Noguera Segura1, Laura Campderros1
1Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
饮食质量通过不同的肠道微生物群通路影响炎症性肠病 (IBD) 炎症. 特定的细菌和代谢物影响克罗恩病 (CD),而微生物丰富性影响性结肠炎 (UC).
科学领域:
- 胃肠病学和营养科学 胃肠病学和营养科学
- 微生物组研究 微生物组研究
- 炎症性肠病 (IBD) 的发病因子
背景情况:
- 炎症性肠病 (IBD),包括克罗恩病 (CD) 和性结肠炎 (UC),涉及饮食,宿主遗传和肠道微生物组之间的复杂相互作用.
- 虽然已知饮食会影响肠道炎症,但特定的微生物和代谢途径以及它们在CD与UC中的差异性作用仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 阐明肠道微生物组如何在IBD患者的习惯性饮食模式和炎症活动之间的关系中起到调解作用.
- 确定通过饮食影响克罗恩病和性结肠炎的炎症的独特的微生物和代谢机制.
主要方法:
- 一项纵向研究涉及198名成年人 (100名健康对照,49名CD,49名UC),他们在基线和6个月时通过食物频率问卷和便样本提供饮食信息.
- 在366个便样本上进行了枪支元基因组测序,以对肠道微生物群的分类学和功能概况进行分析.
- 用因果调解分析确定微生物特征,调解饮食对炎症标志物的影响.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,IBD患者的饮食多样性减少,纤维摄入量降低,营养充足程度较差.
- 微生物群多样性在CD患者中明显低于UC患者和对照组,与纤维,水果,蔬菜和坚果摄入量呈正相关,与加工食品和含糖饮料呈负相关.
- 因果调解分析确定了特定的途径:在CD中,咖啡,全麦面包和更健康的饮食通过特定的细菌物种和代谢物减少了炎症 (哈维 - 布拉德肖指数);在UC中,地中海式饮食,水果和咖啡通过增加微生物丰富性,减少失生症和增强短链脂肪酸功能来减少炎症 (C-反应蛋白).
结论:
- 饮食质量对IBD的炎症产生重大影响,通过不同的肠道微生物群介导的途径运作.
- 在克罗恩病中,特定的细菌种群及其代谢物是关键的调解者,将饮食与炎症联系起来.
- 在性结肠炎中,整体的微生物丰富性和一般的肠道微生物组成在调解饮食对抗炎症的保护作用方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
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