密集管理对现场边缘生态系统服务指标在现场和景观层面产生负面影响
Léa Genty1, Christine N Meynard2, Marie-Charlotte Bopp2,3
1Anses, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Unité Entomologie et Botanique, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.
概括
农业农药的使用损害了生物多样性和生态系统服务,如授粉和土壤保护. 在农业中减少农药,除草剂和肥料有利于自然,减少杂草竞争.
科学领域:
- 农业生态 农业生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 植被的田间边缘增强了农业景观中的生物多样性和生态系统服务.
- 然而,农业实践可能会对这些服务产生负面影响,并引入像杂草繁殖这样的服务缺失.
研究的目的:
- 评估农业实践对生态系统服务 (授粉者资源,土壤侵蚀,植物生物多样性) 和服务缺失 (杂草竞争) 的影响.
- 评估农药使用,施肥和利管理对这些指标的影响.
主要方法:
- 从2013年到2018年,利用法国全国监测网络对450多个农田 (谷物,葡萄园,市场园艺) 进行了监测.
- 进行植物采样和农业实践调查以收集数据.
- 分析了农业实践与生态系统服务/不服务指标之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 农药在田间或市级的使用对生态系统服务指标产生了不利影响.
- 除草剂的使用和增加的施肥减少了花资源的数量和多样性.
- 农药的使用与自然价值物种的减少和问题杂草的增加相关.
结论:
- 农业实践,特别是农药的使用,对生态系统服务产生重大负面影响,并可能增加杂草的服务缺失.
- 在现场和市级减少农药的应用与改善的生态系统服务代理有关.
- 可持续实践的有效实施需要在多个景观尺度上考虑.
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