4-ANPP:非法芬太尼的潜在警告标志
Nicholas Laraia1, Jolene Bierly1, Ayaka Chan-Hosokawa1
1NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Rd, Horsham, PA, 19044.
Journal of analytical toxicology
|January 6, 2026
概括
区分非法芬太尼使用是关键的. 高度的4-Anilino-N-phenylethylpiperidine (4-ANPP) 度,一种芬太尼前体和代谢物,在法医病例中更为常见,有助于毒理学解释.
科学领域:
- 法医毒理学 法医毒理学
- 分析化学 分析化学
背景情况:
- 在法医调查中,区分非法芬太尼的使用至关重要.
- 4-Anilino-N-phenylethylpiperidine (4-ANPP),也被称为despropionylfentanyl,是非法芬太尼的前体和代谢物.
- 4-ANPP的存在可能有助于区分医疗和非法芬太尼尔来源.
研究的目的:
- 在临床和死后样本中评估4-ANPP度和4-ANPP与芬太尼尔的比率.
- 确定可能有助于源归因和芬太尼使用的毒理学解释的趋势.
主要方法:
- 从2023年开始分析血液和血清/血样本.
- 使用液体-液体提取,然后进行液体染色学并联质谱 (LC-MS/MS).
- 包括32,723个法医和1,015个临床病例阳性芬太尼.
主要成果:
- 大多数临床4-ANPP度 (69%) 低于0.50 ng/mL,而在法医病例中为20%.
- 与临床样本 (0.96 ng/mL) 相比,法医样本中的4-ANPP度中位数较高 (2.1 ng/mL).
- 虽然存在重叠比率,但91%的法医病例有可报告的4-ANPP (≥0.2 ng/mL),而临床病例为44%.
结论:
- 较高的4-ANPP度与非药品芬太尼尔来源更强烈相关.
- 由于重叠的值,4-ANPP与芬太尼的比率在明确表明非法芬太尼使用方面存在局限性.
- 4-ANPP分析为法医毒理学解释和来源归因提供了宝贵的支持.
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