废水监测对与检测相关的报告不足和医院获得的SARS-CoV-2感染的见解
Michio Murakami1, Nobuhisa Ishiguro2, Hiroki Ando3
1Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), The University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan; EIPM Center, The University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Environment international
|January 7, 2026
概括
针对SARS-CoV-2 (严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2) 的废水监测RNA有效地跟踪COVID-19医院动态,即使测试率下降. 这种方法提供了感染趋势的客观指标,独立于人类的测试行为.
科学领域:
- 环境微生物学环境微生物学
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 公共卫生监督是对公共卫生的监督.
背景情况:
- 对像SARS-CoV-2这样的传染病原体的废水监测面临着与哨兵证实病例相关的挑战.
- 了解废水SARS-CoV-2RNA与临床COVID-19动态之间的关系对于准确的公共卫生监测至关重要.
- 检测率的变化可以显著影响废水数据和报告的感染病例之间的感知差异.
研究的目的:
- 为了澄清废水中的SARS-CoV-2RNA度如何反映医院环境中的COVID-19动态.
- 评估废水RNA水平与感染率之间的关联,考虑到测试率的变化.
- 评估废水监测作为医院COVID-19趋势的客观指标的实用性.
主要方法:
- 研究了四年来废水中SARS-CoV-2RNA度与医院确诊病例之间的测试率和差异之间的关联.
- 分析了废水RNA度与医院获得感染的发病率之间的关系,使用线性回归和Poisson回归.
- 包括空气温度和变种菌株类型作为线性回归模型中的共变量;纠正和未纠正的感染病例是结果.
主要成果:
- 在COVID-19重新分类后,医院检测率的下降并没有减少废水中的SARS-CoV-2RNA水平.
- 经过校正的社区感染病例与未经纠正的病例 (R2=0.73) 相比,与废水RNA的相关性更强 (R2=0.80).
- 在医院获得的感染发病率与前一周的废水RNA正相关 (IRR:2.45),特定的RNA值预测发病率增加.
结论:
- 针对SARS-CoV-2的废水监测提供了医院内COVID-19动态的可靠和客观测量.
- 即使临床试验率波动或下降,这种监测方法仍然是有价值的.
- 废水数据可以作为一个独立的指标,补充医疗保健机构传染病传统监测方法.
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