胃癌:一个回顾
Anuj Kishor Patel1, Nilay S Sethi1, Haeseong Park1
1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA
|January 7, 2026
概括
胃癌是癌症死亡的主要原因, 结合化疗,免疫疗法和向治疗的新疗法显示,晚期胃癌的存活率有所提高.
科学领域:
- 癌症学
- 胃肠病学
背景情况:
- 胃癌是全球重要的健康问题, 每年有数以百万计的新病例和成千上万的死亡.
- 大多数胃癌是腺癌,主要影响胃体或腹腔,在男性中更常见,诊断时的中位数年龄为68岁.
研究的目的:
- 概述目前对胃癌流行病学,风险因素,诊断和治疗策略的理解.
- 突出治疗晚期或转移性胃癌的进展,包括免疫治疗和向治疗的作用.
主要方法:
- 对胃癌发病率和死亡率的流行病学数据的审查.
- 诊断方法的分析,包括内镜活检.
- 基于当前的临床实践和新兴疗法,对局部,局部晚期和转移性胃癌的治疗结果进行评估.
主要成果:
- 在美国,胃癌的诊断通常发生在晚期 (局部晚期或转移性),转移性病例的存活时间超过5年不到10%.
- 杆菌感染,吸烟,酒精,肥胖和盐摄入是可以改变的关键风险因素.
- 经过手术治疗的局部胃癌的5年生存率为75%.
- 晚期胃癌治疗包括外科化疗,免疫疗法 (例如,杜瓦卢马布) 和向治疗 (例如,用于ERBB2过度表达的癌症的trastuzumab,用于CLDN18.2过度表达的癌症的zolbetuximab) 可以提高几个月的存活率.
结论:
- 在高发病率国家,通过查及早诊断可以提高生存率.
- 多种治疗方法,包括手术,化疗,免疫治疗和向治疗,对于不同阶段的胃癌的治疗至关重要.
- 新兴的向疗法和免疫疗法为患有晚期或不可切除的胃癌的患者提供生存益处,特别是在特定生物标志物的指导下.
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