在酵母进化过程中,自我生育能力的反复损失形成了异合性和多重合性
Nina Vittorelli1,2,3, Cintia Gómez-Muñoz1,2, Irina Andriushchenko1,2
1Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Computational, Quantitative and Synthetic Biology, CQSB, Paris F-75005, France.
概括
酵母繁殖所必需的交配型切换在Saccharomyces cerevisiae中一再丢失,导致遗传多样性. 这种损失与多倍体性和与人类相关的环境有关,影响了酵母菌的进化.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 在Saccharomyces cerevisiae中交配类型的切换对于自我生育和适应至关重要.
- 缺少这种能力的异形体隔离物是普遍存在的,表明了多态性特征.
- 了解交配类型切换的损失,可以了解酵母菌的进化和多样化.
研究的目的:
- 通过实验来描述Saccharomyces cerevisiae中交配类型切换的丧失.
- 识别与从同位体主义过渡到异位体主义过渡相关的遗传和结构变异.
- 为了研究酵母菌中异质素的进化历史和生态分布.
主要方法:
- 对117个端粒对端粒基因组组合的分析.
- 在2,910个酵母菌株中对HO基因的基因定型.
- 统计学分析异构体,多重体和异构性之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在HO内核酶基因和HML/HMR磁带中的结构变异中发现了多个独立的功能丧失突变.
- 据估计,至少有13个独立的转变从同质性到异质性,其中27%的菌株是异质的.
- 异构性与多体性和异构性增加有关,特别是在化和临床群体中,有外交影响特征分布的证据.
结论:
- 在Saccharomyces cerevisiae的演化过程中,交配类型的切换已经反复丢失.
- 这些损失对酵母基因组架构和生态多样化产生了重大影响.
- 在与人类相关的环境中,异质体的流行表明与化和临床环境的联系.
相关概念视频
Nondisjunction
4.8K
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
4.8K
Nondisjunction
81.8K
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
81.8K
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
69.2K
Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
69.2K
Gene Duplication and Divergence
7.8K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
7.8K
Formation of Species
44.6K
Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
44.6K
Meiosis II
206.7K
Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
206.7K


