预期即将发生的事件是时间尺度不变的
Matthias Grabenhorst1,2, David Poeppel3, Georgios Michalareas1,2,4
1Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt 60528, Germany.
概括
人类可以准确地预测不同时间尺度的事件时间. 这种时间预测依赖于估计事件概率密度,这个过程无论时间跨度或感官输入如何,都保持一致.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 人类的感知 人类的感知
- 时间处理 时间处理
背景情况:
- 准确预测事件时间对于快速的人类行动和决策至关重要.
- 时间预测在各种时间尺度上运行,特别突出在毫秒和秒之间.
- 跨越不同时间跨度的时间预测机制的稳定性仍然是一个开放的问题.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查大脑对时间预测的概率密度函数 (PDF) 估计是否在不同的时间跨度上不变.
- 要确定时间预测的精度是否是规模不变的,挑战了像韦伯定律这样的既定心理物理定律.
- 探索视觉和听觉中时间预测计算的模式独立性.
主要方法:
- 对事件分布时间跨度的实验操纵.
- 测量反应时间作为预期指标.
- 在不同的时间尺度和感官模式上评估预测精度.
主要成果:
- 预期,以反应时间来衡量,与事件分布的时间跨度成正比.
- 估计事件概率密度的核心计算在不同的时间尺度上是不变的.
- 预测精度表明尺度不变,与韦伯定律相矛盾,并且在视觉和听觉刺激中一致.
结论:
- 大脑使用一个规模不变的时间预测机制,主要是通过估计事件概率密度.
- 这种概率估计过程独立于事件分布的时间尺度.
- 时间预测计算在所有感官模式中都是强大的,这表明有一个统一的神经机制来预测即将发生的事件.
相关概念视频
Linear time-invariant Systems
863
A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...
863
Classification of Systems-II
453
Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,
453
Hindsight Biases
4.2K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
4.2K
Properties of DTFT I
725
In signal processing, Discrete-Time Fourier Transforms (DTFTs) play a critical role in analyzing discrete-time signals in the frequency domain. Various properties of the DTFTs such as linearity, time-shifting, frequency-shifting, time reversal, conjugation, and time scaling help understand and manipulate these signals for different applications.
The linearity property of DTFTs is fundamental. If two discrete-time signals are multiplied by constants a and b respectively, and then combined to...
The linearity property of DTFTs is fundamental. If two discrete-time signals are multiplied by constants a and b respectively, and then combined to...
725
Basic Operations on Signals
1.0K
Basic signal operations include time reversal, time scaling, time shifting, and amplitude transformations. These operations are fundamental in signal processing and analysis.
Time Reversal mirrors a continuous-time signal about the vertical axis at t=0. This is achieved by substituting t with −t. For example, if a signal x(t) is considered, the time-reversed signal is x(−t). This operation can be graphically represented, showing the mirrored signal.
Time Reversal mirrors a continuous-time signal about the vertical axis at t=0. This is achieved by substituting t with −t. For example, if a signal x(t) is considered, the time-reversed signal is x(−t). This operation can be graphically represented, showing the mirrored signal.
1.0K
Convolution Properties I
547
Convolution computations can be simplified by utilizing their inherent properties.
The commutative property reveals that the input and the impulse response of an LTI (Linear Time-Invariant) system can be interchanged without affecting the output:
The commutative property reveals that the input and the impulse response of an LTI (Linear Time-Invariant) system can be interchanged without affecting the output:
547


