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在海洋酵母中单细胞和多细胞之间的遗传转换
Gakuho Kurita1, Kyoka A Adachi1, Kazuma Uesaka2
1Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Japan.
Nature
|January 7, 2026
概括
研究人员发现一些黑酵母是如何根据营养物质在单细胞和多细胞之间切换的. 这揭示了表型可塑性的遗传和细胞策略,这是一个关键的进化特征.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学
- 菌群学
- 遗传学
背景情况:
- 从单细胞生命过渡到多细胞生命是一个重要的进化事件.
- 选择性克隆多细胞性,生物可以在单细胞和多细胞状态之间切换,可能代表一个中间的进化阶段.
- 控制这种转换的基因和细胞机制在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 确定黑酵母中对营养反应的自主克隆多细胞性的遗传和细胞基础.
- 了解单细胞和多细胞生长之间调节的分子机制.
- 探索影响选择性多细胞性的生态因素.
主要方法:
- 对Hortaea werneckii中的基因删除进行基因分析,以观察表型变化.
- 关键调节基因的识别,包括参与状态转换的Myb蛋白.
- 涉及海绵相关酵母和海绵条件介质的影响的生态研究.
主要成果:
- 在H. werneckii中删除十个特定基因导致稳定的单细胞或多细胞表型.
- 其中六个基因是线状真菌中结合的调节者,表明多细胞性.
- 一种Myb蛋白作为一个开关,其表达和降解与营养的可用性有关,控制单细胞/多细胞状态.
- 在相关物种Neodothiora pruni中,Myb基因对选择性多细胞性无关紧要.
- 在H. werneckii中,多细胞性是由海绵相关的环境诱导的.
结论:
- 这项研究建立了研究自主克隆多细胞性的模型系统.
- 确定获得,失去和恢复多细胞性的遗传和细胞策略.
- 突出了物种之间调节表型可塑性的分子多样性.
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