在自闭症,发育迟缓和典型发育的普通话学前儿童中自发的游戏概况:精细的比较分析
Tongxin Yin1, Min Liu1,2, Jie Wang3
1Shanghai Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
概括
与发展迟缓 (DD) 或典型发展 (TD) 的儿童相比,患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童表现出明显的自发游戏模式. 多维游戏分析揭示了持续时间和复杂性的差异,突出了干预目标.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 自发的游戏对于儿童的发展至关重要.
- 了解自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 中的游戏差异对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
- 以前的研究经常使用一维的游戏措施,可能错过了细微的发育差异.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较普通话学前儿童与ASD,发育迟缓 (DD) 和典型发育 (TD) 的自发游戏行为.
- 调查多维游戏分析在区分这些群体中的有用性.
- 确定特定的游戏特征,这些特征可以为ASD的干预策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 90名36-72个月的学龄前儿童 (每组30名:ASD,DD,TD) 参与了这项研究.
- 录制了一个15分钟的自然主义的亲子自由游戏课程.
- 使用精细的发展框架编码了10分钟的片段,分析了持续时间,频率,品种和掌握的游戏水平.
主要成果:
- 自发游戏时间和加权平均掌握游戏水平显著区分了ASD组与TD和DD组的差异,即使在控制FSIQ之后.
- 象征性游戏与认知水平比诊断状态更相关.
- 与DD同龄人相比,患有自闭症的儿童表现出更低的变化动作序列 (VS) 频率和减少的VS多样性.
结论:
- 对自发性游戏的多维评估有效地捕捉了ASD儿童的不同形状.
- 游戏的持续时间和复杂性,特别是象征前的游戏,如多种动作序列,是区分ASD的关键指标.
- 细粒度游戏分析为ASD的发育适当干预提供了有价值的目标.
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