与COVID-19疫苗反应性相关的HLA关联与较少的SARS-CoV-2感染和单细胞激活相关
Research square
|January 9, 2026
概括
人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 变异影响COVID-19疫苗的副作用. HLA-A*03:01与增加的反应性和较少的感染有关,涉及单细胞和T细胞,为疫苗优化提供了见解.
科学领域:
- 免疫遗传学 免疫遗传学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 接种COVID-19疫苗至关重要,但副作用可能会减少接种.
- 人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 变异可能会影响疫苗反应.
- 了解这些变异是改善疫苗策略的关键.
研究的目的:
- 研究HLA基因变异与COVID-19疫苗副作用之间的关联.
- 探索与HLA相关的疫苗反应性背后的免疫机制.
- 确定影响疫苗有效性和安全性的因素.
主要方法:
- 在一个大队列 (N=50,535) 和一个复制队列 (N=4,575) 中检查了HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1和 -DQB1变异.
- 分析了自我报告的副作用和疫苗接种后突破性感染.
- 研究了免疫细胞子集 (单细胞,CD8+ T细胞) 和细胞因子生产 (IL-6,IL-8).
主要成果:
- HLA-A*03:01显着与系统性副作用的增加 (OR=1.36) 和突破性感染的减少有关.
- 这种关联是特定于COVID-19疫苗接种.
- 单细胞衍生的IL-6和IL-8与HLA-A*03:01+个体的副作用严重程度相关.
- 观察到有限的CD8+ T细胞对Spike的激活,这表明了其他机制.
结论:
- HLA-A*03:01影响COVID-19疫苗的反应性和感染风险.
- 单细胞在通过IL-6和IL-8的产生来调解疫苗副作用方面发挥着关键作用.
- 尖端特异性的CD8+ T细胞可能会导致炎症环境.
- 结果提供了对优化HLA介导疫苗反应的见解.
相关概念视频
Vaccinations
51.2K
Overview
51.2K
Cross-reactivity
32.8K
Overview
32.8K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
1.7K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.7K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
15.9K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
15.9K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
1.3K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.3K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
14.7K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
14.7K


