血库中核酸检测的附加价值:来自印度的15年回顾性研究
Sangeeta Pathak1, Surjit Singh1, Tamojit Chakraborty1
1Transfusion Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, IND.
Cureus
|January 9, 2026
概括
核酸检测 (NAT) 通过检测仅通过血清学错过的输血传染性感染 (TTIs) 来显著提高血液安全性. 在全国范围内实施NAT对于提高印度的输血安全至关重要.
科学领域:
- 输血医学 输血医学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 像HBV,HCV和HIV这样的输血传染性病毒感染 (TTIs) 对印度的血液安全构成重大风险.
- 大多数印度血液银行仅依靠血清学进行TTI查,可能错过感染.
研究的目的:
- 评估核酸检测 (NAT) 与血清学对TTI检测和输血安全的影响.
- 分析15年的血液银行数据,以评估组合查方法的有效性.
主要方法:
- 一项从2010年1月到2024年12月的211,555次捐赠的回顾性观察研究.
- 使用基于化学发光免疫测试 (CLIA) 的血清学选捐赠物.
- 血清阴性样本进一步使用迷你池NAT (Cobas MPX PCR) 进行了测试.
主要成果:
- 血清学发现了3333个 (1.58%) TTI阳性捐赠,主要来自替代捐赠者.
- NAT检测到额外的205个TTI病例被血清学遗漏,主要是HBV (79.76%).
- 整体NAT产率为1:1005,HBV NAT产率为1:1262. 这一比率为1.
结论:
- 通过识别血清学错过的感染,NAT显著提高了血液安全性.
- 该研究支持强制在全国范围内实施NAT用于TTI查.
- 解决成本和基础设施挑战是广泛采用NAT所必需的.
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