体中的微塑料污染:对物种特异性影响,毒性途径和生态风险的系统审查
Weerachon Sawangproh1, Chetsada Phaenark1, Paiphan Paejaroen1
1Conservation Biology Program, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus, 199 Moo 9, Lumsum Sub-District, Saiyok District, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
|January 9, 2026
概括
类动物对微塑料 (MP) 和纳米塑料 (NP) 污染的反应各异,沉积物食者经历了显著的生理压力. 这些生物是沉积物生态系统中塑料污染的关键哨兵和调节者.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
背景情况:
- 微塑料 (MP) 和纳米塑料 (NP) 污染是一个普遍存在的全球压力因素.
- 与沉积物相关的MPs由于其持久性和生物可用性而构成重大生态风险.
- 类动物是关键的生态系统工程师,对于评估塑料污染影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 综合研究MP和NP对陆地,淡水和海洋类动物的影响.
- 评估物种特异性反应,毒性途径和生态影响.
- 将发现整合到一个养协会框架中,以了解特征依赖的反应.
主要方法:
- 对同行评审研究的综合文献综述,截至2025年3月.
- 基于养协会 (沉积食者,过器食者,食肉动物) 的结体反应分析.
- 评估粒子特征 (大小,形态,聚合物类型,老化) 对毒性的影响.
主要成果:
- 对MP/NP的结体反应取决于特征,而不是统一的.
- 沉积物食者和破坏者表现出氧化应激,改变能量分配,肠道干扰和生殖能力受损.
- 过器食器充当颗粒沉器,而食肉动物则促进了热量转移;在现实的暴露中,生存效应往往是最小的.
结论:
- 类动物作为塑料污染的敏感指标.
- 类动物积极影响MP命运和沉积物中的生态风险.
- 颗粒的特性和养策略显著调节了MP/NP的生态风险.
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