评估高环境温度对当地突尼斯山羊的牛奶生产的影响:面向干旱环境的弹性育种策略
Ahlem Atoui1, Sghaier Najari1, Manuel Ramón2
1Laboratory of Livestock and Wildlife, Institute of Arid Regions, Medenine 4100, Tunisia.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|January 10, 2026
概括
高环境温度显著降低了突尼斯山羊的牛奶产量. 确定了热应激值,温度中立性以上每摄氏度损失为4-5%,影响高产动物最多.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
- 乳制品生产 乳制品生产
背景情况:
- 高环境温度对畜牧业的生产力构成重大威胁.
- 了解热应激影响对于奶羊管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估高环境温度 (HT) 对突尼斯本地山羊的牛奶生产的影响.
- 为了确定温度值和量化由于热应激而导致的牛奶损失.
主要方法:
- 利用固定和随机回归模型与二次和立方Legendre多项式.
- 评估每日最低,最高和平均温度作为热负荷指标.
- 相比模型适合使用偏差信息标准 (DIC).
主要成果:
- 包括温度影响在内的模型与基线相比显著改善了适合性.
- 立方多项式比二次式模型提供了稍微更好的精度.
- 奶日的平均温度和前几天的最高温度是关键指标.
- 确定了热中性高原,随后的产量下降超过了特定的温度值 (例如,Tmax: 20-27°C,Tavg: 11-19°C).
- 牛奶的损失在22-85g/°C之间,平均每度温度中立以上的温度下降4-5%.
- 观察到热应激反应的高个体变异性.
- 高产的山羊对热应激有更大的敏感性.
结论:
- 高环境温度会对突尼斯山羊的牛奶产量产生负面影响.
- 确定了引发产量下降的特定温度值.
- 每只山羊对热应激的敏感性各不相同,需要量身定制的管理.
- 为了实现可持续的乳山羊养殖,平衡高奶产与耐热度是必不可少的.
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