通过优化管理和作物旋转,提高密集耕作中的和水利用效率
Huanxuan Chen1, Jiawen Qi1, Shangyu Guo1
1School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
概括
优化作物管理和作物轮换显著提高了小麦-玉米系统中和水利用效率. 将肥与合成肥相结合,为可持续农业提供了高产量,环境效益和经济收益.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 农业学是一种农业学.
- 可持续农业 可持续农业
背景情况:
- (N) 和水对作物生产至关重要,提高效率是全球性的挑战.
- 密集作物系统在优化和水的使用方面遇到困难.
- 优化管理和作物轮换是提高资源利用效率的关键.
研究的目的:
- 评估优化管理和作物轮换对作物产量,和水利用效率,余和经济效益的影响.
- 为了比较传统的冬季小麦-夏季玉米 (CN/WM) 轮换与替代优化轮换.
- 为密集型系统确定可持续的作物种植战略.
主要方法:
- 实地实验比较传统的 (CN/WM) 与五个优化的旋转在三年内.
- 优化处理包括调整的N和灌率,耕地,草管理,便替代 (ONM/WM),生物炭添加 (ONB/WM),双玉米旋转 (ON/WMM) 和绿色便 (ON/GM).
- 评估的作物产量,N使用效率 (NUE),用水效率 (WUE),N余和经济回报.
主要成果:
- 优化的小麦-玉米轮换 (ON/WM,ONM/WM,ONB/WM) 保持了与传统方法相比的产量,同时显著增加了NUE (19-41%) 和WUE (13-20%).
- 这些优化的治疗方法也减少了余 (353-531公斤 N ha-2 yr-1).
- 在ONM/WM治疗中,表现最好,具有最高的经济效益.
结论:
- 优化管理,特别是在小麦-玉米轮换中将料与合成N肥料相结合,提高了作物生产率,环境质量和经济利能力.
- 像ON/WMM和ON/GM这样的替代轮换可以改善NUE和WUE,但产量可能更低,因此它们适用于缺水地区.
- 这些发现有助于开发更可持续的作物生产系统.
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