预防和控制近视的营养补充:对随机对照试验的系统审查
Clara Martinez-Perez1, Ana Paula Oliveira2,3
1Applied Physics Department (Optometry Area), Facultade de Óptica e Optometría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Nutrients
|January 10, 2026
概括
营养补充剂可以提高视觉功能和眼睛健康,但不能持续减缓近视的进展. 在推它们用于近视管理之前,需要进行更广泛的研究.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 基于证据的医学基于证据的医学.
背景情况:
- 营养补充剂正在探索用于预防和控制近视.
- 机制包括抗氧化,抗炎和细胞外矩阵调节.
- 研究的主要营养素是胡卜素,氨酸和多不和脂肪酸.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查对近视的营养补充剂的随机对照试验 (RCT).
- 评估对折射误差,轴长,黄斑色素光学密度 (MPOD),视觉功能和视觉疲劳的影响.
- 评估对胡卜素,酸盐,PUFA和联合营养品的证据.
主要方法:
- 在PROSPERO注册的系统审查 (CRD420251149727).
- 在PubMed,科学网和Scopus上搜索到2025年8月.
- 包括RCT比较营养补充剂与安慰剂/对照剂;使用Cochrane RoB 2工具评估偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 包括9个RCT;研究通常是小规模的,异质的,短期的.
- 胡卜素 (crocetin,lutein,zeaxanthin,astaxanthin) 显示出适度的益处:改善MPOD,减少视力疲劳,并在一个儿科试验中略有减少轴延伸.
- 安托素改善了对比度敏感性和降低了视障;组合配方增强了适应性设施.
- 没有观察到持续的临床显著减少近视的进展.
结论:
- 营养补充剂可能对视觉功能和视网膜抗氧化状态有好处.
- 目前的证据不足以支持常规使用来减缓近视的进展.
- 更大的,长期的RCT是必要的,以确定近视管理的有效性.
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