在青少年足球中对小边比赛的成熟度相关反应
Gonzalo Fernández-Jávega1, Ismael Castellano-Galvañ1, Manuel Moya-Ramón1
1Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
概括
小边游戏训练可以提高年轻足球运动员的间歇性耐力,而不管他们的生物成熟程度如何. 然而,不那么成熟的球员感觉到更高的训练负载 (内部负载),而不是更成熟的球员在类似的身体需求 (外部负载).
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 青少年足球训练 青少年足球训练
- 运动员成熟度 运动员成熟度
背景情况:
- 生物成熟显著影响年轻运动员的身体表现.
- 成熟对青少年足球训练负载反应的影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查成熟状态如何影响对小边游戏 (SSG) 的身体适应.
- 分析SSG训练期间内部负载 (IL) 和外部负载 (EL) 与球员成熟度相关的关系.
主要方法:
- 与53名青少年足球运动员一起实施了为期8周的SSG培训计划.
- 外部负载 (EL) 使用GPS单位进行测量;内部负载 (IL) 通过session-RPE进行评估.
- 运动员按年龄分类,从峰值高度速度 (PHV) 开始;间歇性耐力 (vIFT) 和冲刺表现在干预前和后进行了评估.
主要成果:
- 成熟期组之间的EL没有显著差异;然而,更成熟的参与者报告了较低的IL.
- 实验组改善了vIFT,而冲刺表现保持不变;对照组没有表现出任何改善.
- 两个成熟度组都表现出类似的vIFT改进,表明成熟度和培训适应之间没有相互作用.
结论:
- 无论生物成熟度如何,SSG培训有效地提高了青少年足球运动员的间歇性耐力.
- 较不成熟的玩家在相当的机械负载下 (EL) 经历了更高的感知力 (IL).
- 青少年运动员的训练负载处方和解释应该考虑到生物成熟状态.
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