一个基于轮式IMU的自动陆地车辆导航系统
Shuang Du1,2, Wei Sun3, Xin Wang1,2
1School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
概括
本研究介绍了一种使用微电子机械系统 (MEMS) 惯性测量单元 (IMU) 的轮式惯性导航系统 (INS),以应对GPS拒绝区域的导航错误. 这种新的方法显著提高了准确性,并减少了陆地车辆的漂移.
科学领域:
- 机器人技术和自主系统
- 导航和控制系统 导航和控制系统
- 传感器融合式传感器
背景情况:
- 低成本的惯性系统存在严重的漂移错误,在全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 拒绝的环境中挑战陆地车辆导航.
- 传统的方法,如公里计/非全方位约束/惯性导航系统 (INS),在准确性和错误抑制方面存在局限性.
研究的目的:
- 提出一个自主导航策略,使用一个装在车轮上的微电子机械系统 (MEMS) 惯性测量单元 (IMU),称为轮式INS,以减轻导航错误.
- 进行轮式INS错误特征和系统可观测性的理论分析.
- 开发一种混合扩展颗粒过器 (EPF),用于准确的状态估计.
主要方法:
- 使用惯性机械化算法来预测车辆的位置,速度和态度 (PVA).
- 采用陀螺输出来推导前进速度,作为一个观察与非全方位约束 (NHCs) 错误状态估计.
- 执行系统可观察性分析以了解错误特征.
- 实施混合扩展粒子过器 (EPF),将扩展卡尔曼过器 (EKF) 和粒子过器 (PF) 结合起来进行状态更新.
主要成果:
- 轮子旋转提高了陀螺错误的可观测性,有效地抑制了近视角,水平速度和位置错误.
- 轮式INS表现出优越的导航性能,与传统的公里计/NHC/INS相比.
- 超过26公里的动力场测试显示,最大位置漂移率为0.47%,平均平方根 (RMS) 方向误差为1.13°.
- 该EPF有效地处理系统非线性和非高斯噪声,实现高精度与可容忍的计算复杂性.
结论:
- 拟议的轮式INS为GNSS被拒绝的环境中的陆地车辆提供了准确的导航解决方案.
- 轮子旋转和先进的过技术的整合显著提高了导航系统的性能和错误抑制.
- 这一战略为GNSS不可靠或无法使用的自主导航提供了可行的解决方案.
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